
life insurance company and safeguards the majority of the private sector’s
defined benefit pension plans, i.e., the ITP-plan. Alecta is not able to provide
specific information for each customer’s obligations and fair value of related
assets which is necessary information for Swedish Match in order to account
for the obligations in accordance with the rules for defined benefit plans.
Therefore, all obligations relating to the Swedish ITP-plan are accounted
for as defined contribution plans in accordance with the rules for multi-
employer plans.
Provisions Note 24
A provision is reported in the balance sheet when the Group has an existing
legal or informal obligation as a result of an event that has occurred, it is
probable that expenditure will be required to settle the obligation and when a
reliable estimate of the amount can be made.
The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the
consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the
reporting period, considering the risks and uncertainties surrounding the
obligation. When a provision is measured using cash flows estimated to
settle the present obligation, the carrying amount is the present value of
those cash flows (where the effect of the time value of money is material).
Financial income and expenses Note 8
Financial income and expenses consist of interest income on bank balances,
receivables, interest-bearing securities and dividend income, interest
expense on loans, leases, benefit obligations, exchange rate differences,
unrealized and realized gains on financial investments and derivative
instruments used in financial activities. Exchange rate differences arising
from operating assets and liabilities are reported in operating profit.
The effective interest method is used when calculating the amortized cost
of the financial asset or the financial liability and when allocating the interest
income or interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest
rate is the rate that discounts estimated future cash flows. Interest income
or expense include accrued amounts of transaction costs and, if applicable,
discounts, premiums and other differences between the original value of the
receivable or liability and the amount received or paid at maturity.
Financial instruments Note 16, 18, 19, 22, 25 and 27
Financial instruments reported in the balance sheet include, on the asset
side, cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, shares and other equity
instruments, loans receivable, and derivatives. Financial instruments on the
liabilities and equity side are trade payables, lease liabilities, issued liability
and equity instruments, loans and derivatives.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset only when there is a legally
enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an
intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability
simultaneously.
A financial asset (or a part of a financial asset) is derecognized from the
balance sheet when the risk and the right to receive cash flow from the
instrument has ceased or been transferred to another party. A financial
liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognized from the balance
sheet when the obligation is settled or discharged. Financial assets and
liabilities are recognized and derecognized applying settlement date
accounting.
Financial instruments are reported initially at their acquisition value,
corresponding to the instruments fair value, except for trade receivables,
which are initially measured at their transaction price. Subsequent reporting
depends on how they are held and classified in accordance with the criteria
below.
Financial assets
Financial assets which are debt instruments, are classified depending
on the business model for managing the financial assets and the asset’s
contractual terms of the cash flows.
Financial assets are classified at the initial recognition, and subsequently
measured, at either amortized cost or fair value. The classification of
financial assets depends on the business model for managing the financial
assets and whether the contractual terms of the cash flows are solely
payments of principal and interest. The business model determines whether
cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the
financial asset, or both. There are two business models into which the Group
classifies its financial assets.
• Financial assets measured at amortized cost
• Financial assets measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
Financial assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows
which represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured
at amortized cost. Included in this category are cash and cash equivalents,
along with loan receivables and trade receivables. Interest income from
these assets are reported in the income statement using the effective
interest rate method.
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and immediately available
balances with banks and similar institutions, as well as short-term liquid
investments with a maturity of less than three months from acquisition,
which are exposed to only an insignificant risk of value fluctuations.
Trade receivables have an anticipated short duration and are reported
at the amount expected to be received after deductions for expected credit
losses.
Financial assets measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)
Financial assets in this category do not meet the criteria for amortized cost
or fair value through other comprehensive income and are measured at
fair value through profit and loss. The financial assets in this category are
held for trading and reported as other current receivables, measured at fair
value. They include the Group’s currency derivatives that are not used for
hedge accounting.
Impairment of financial assets
The Group recognizes a loss for expected credit losses for financial assets
that are measured at amortized cost. Currently, financial assets measured
at amortized cost refer mainly to accounts receivables and cash and cash
equivalents. Changes in expected credit losses are recognized in profit and
loss as of the initial recognition at each balance sheet date.
Swedish Match applies the simplified approach to measure expected
credit losses, which means that expected credit losses are measured on
the remaining lifetime of the financial asset. Historical information is used
to assess expected credit losses. In addition, current and forward-looking
information available is also considered to reflect current and future
conditions, including discounting factor for time if relevant. Customers’
credit risks are regularly assessed, and accounts receivables are written off
when it is deemed that the customer has no ability to pay the outstanding
invoice.
Cash and cash equivalents are covered in the general approach for credit
risk allowances, which means that if there have been significant changes in
the credit risk since initial recognition, the expected credit loss is measured
on the assets’ lifetime expected credit loss. The general approach is based
on the rating of the counterparty, and due to high ratings of the Group’s
main counterparties, and short duration of the assets, the total amount
of credit risk is immaterial. For cash and cash equivalents, low credit risk
simplification is applied. In addition, receivables on Group companies and
associated companies as well as other receivables and accrued income are
covered by the general approach.
Financial liabilities
The Group classifies financial liabilities, at initial recognition, into two
categories:
• Other financial liabilities measured at amortized cost
• Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)
Other financial liabilities measured at amortized cost
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost include trade payables,
lease liabilities, loans and borrowings, and accrued interest, which are not
held for trading. These liabilities are classified as other financial liabilities,
which means that they are initially reported at the amount received after
deductions for transaction costs. After the date of acquisition, loans are
measured at amortized cost in accordance with the effective interest rate
method. The financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under
theliability is discharged or expires.
Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)
Financial liabilities in this category are reported as current financial
liabilities, measured at fair value. These financial liabilities are held for
trading and include the Group’s currency derivatives that are not used
for hedge accounting. Changes in fair value of the financial liabilities are
recognized in the income statement as profit or loss. Financial liabilities
relating to contingent considerations on acquisitions, for which IFRS 3 is
applied, are measured at fair value with any changes recognized in profit
andloss.
NOTE 1 Continued
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